Sep 01, · A systematic literature review (SLR) describes a coordinated, system-based means of devising relevant research questions, defining important keywords, and finally collating collected research in an accessible, systematic way [,, ]. An SLR will analyze a particular problem broadly and offer alternative methods for investigating the issue Nov 12, · The Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology features original studies, review articles, book and literature reviews, letters to the editor, and communications in brief. It is an essential resource for the libraries of OB/GYN specialists, as well as pediatricians and primary care physicians A literature search following PRISMA Guidelines and limited to studies in English or French published between and was performed and relevant studies were included in this systematic review on the prevalence of EDs. The literature search revealed 94 studies with accurate ED diagnosis and 27 with broad ED diagnosis
The Health of Arab Americans in the United States: An Updated Comprehensive Literature Review
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. The literature on the relation between diet and human fertility has greatly expanded over the last decade resulting in the identification of a few clear patterns. Intake of supplemental folic acid, literature review dietary services hospital, particularly at doses higher than those recommended for the prevention of neural tube defects, has been consistently related to lower frequency of infertility, lower risk of pregnancy loss and greater success in infertility treatment.
On the other hand, and despite promising evidence from animal models, vitamin D does not appear to exert an important role in human fertility in the absence of deficiency, literature review dietary services hospital.
Antioxidant supplementation does not appear to offer any benefits to women undergoing infertility treatment, but it appears to be beneficial when it is the male partner who is supplemented. However, the available evidence does not allow discerning which specific antioxidants, nor at which doses, are responsible for this benefit.
Long chain omega 3 fatty acids appear to improve female fertility although it remains unclear to what extent contamination of shared food sources, such as fish with high levels of environmental toxicants, can dampen this benefit, literature review dietary services hospital. Last, adherence to healthy diets favoring seafood, poultry, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, are related to better fertility in women and better semen quality in men.
The cumulative evidence has also piled against popular hypotheses. Dairy and soy, literature review dietary services hospital, once proposed as reproductive toxicants, have not been consistently related to poor fertility. In fact, soy and soy supplements appear to exert a beneficial effect among women undergoing infertility treatment. Similarly, as data from large, high-quality studies continues to accumulate, the evidence of a potentially deleterious effect of moderate alcohol and caffeine intake on the ability to become pregnant seems less solid than it once did.
While a complete picture of the role of nutrition on fertility is far from complete, much progress has been made. The most salient gaps in the current evidence include jointly considering female and male diets, and testing the most consistent findings in randomized trials. Identifying modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, that influence human fertility is of major clinical and public health significance.
The use of assisted reproductive technologies ART in the United States has steadily increased from approximately 60, cycles in 4 toliterature review dietary services hospital, cycles in5 although improvements in live birth rates per initiated cycle over the last decade have been small in comparison. The high prevalence of impaired fecundity combined with the high financial costs of and limited geographic access to infertility treatment motivate the need to identify modifiable predictors of couple fertility.
The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiologic literature on nutrition and fertility and offer practical dietary recommendations based on the best available evidence. Highlights and literature review dietary services hospital in the literature are summarized in Table 1 for female diet and Table 2 for male diet. A Cochrane review of randomized controlled literature review dietary services hospital RCTs of antioxidant supplementation during the course of infertility treatment concluded that the current evidence does not show benefits of antioxidant supplementation for increasing pregnancy or live birth rates.
Furthermore, no two trials included in the meta-analysis tested the same intervention i. same compound at same dose against same comparator making it nearly impossible to draw strong conclusions from this systematic review other than the need of more high quality trials large enough to test effects on clinically relevant outcomes such as live birth rates, literature review dietary services hospital.
More promising nutrients in the context of beneficial effects on fertility might possibly be folate or folic acid and vitamin B While the impact of folate deficiency and defects in folate and homocysteine metabolism on neural tube defects NTDs are established, 11 the evidence on the effects of folate on fertility is less clear.
One of the first studies supporting a link between folate and fertility was the Hungarian NTDs RCT which showed that of the women randomized to the pre-conception multivitamin supplement containing μg of folic literature review dietary services hospital Studies from infertility cohorts also suggest that folate could have beneficial effects on fertility.
For instance, carriers of the T allele in position of the MTHFR gene which leads to lower enzyme activity had decreased ovarian responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone, fewer oocytes retrieved, 17 and granulosa cells that produced less estradiol basal and stimulated compared to wild type allele carriers.
Similarly, in this same cohort, women in the highest quartile of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels had 1, literature review dietary services hospital. Nevertheless, there has been plenty of controversy surrounding the evidence on folate and pregnancy maintenance. Interestingly, in several of these studies, beneficial effects of folate on fertility and fecundity were observed at levels well above those that are currently recommended for the prevention of NTDs.
Over the last decade, the potential effects of vitamin D on fertility have been of great research interest as in vitro studies found that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in the ovary, 4041 the endometrium, 40 and the placenta. Among women trying to get pregnant in the NHS-II cohort, higher intake of vitamin D as estimated through a food frequency questionnaire was not associated with risk of ovulatory infertility after multivariable adjustment.
Despite the limited studies on vitamin D and fertility from the general population, there has been explosion in the number of studies over the past 7 years exploring this association among subfertile women undergoing medical treatment, literature review dietary services hospital.
The first study on vitamin D and fertility after IVF reported that pregnancy rates were almost four fold higher in women who were vitamin D sufficient compared to those who were vitamin D deficient. At present, little can be conclusively drawn from the results on vitamin D and fertility given the heterogeneity of findings.
While vitamin D deficiency might possibly be detrimental to fertility, it is unclear whether higher levels of vitamin D confer additional benefit once sufficiency has been achieved.
In vitro studies have shown that fatty acids are important substrates in early reproductive events including oocyte maturation 71 and embryo implantation. tertile 1with similar inverse trends for the other long-chain omega 3 fatty acids. Among 46 overweight and obese women undergoing IVF in Australia, intake of PUFAs, specifically omega-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid LA and possibly omega-3 PUFA, was higher among women who achieved pregnancy; 80 however there were no differences in fat intake comparing women who did and did not have live births.
Two studies from the US and one from Iran have investigated the association between serum fatty acids concentrations and outcomes of IVF. The first US cohort found that women with lower serum α-linolenic ALA had a higher chance of pregnancy while the second found that only an increased LA to ALA ratio was associated with a higher chance of pregnancy.
While synthesizing these results is difficult given the large differences across studies in terms of populations and assessment of fatty acid status, the conclusions overall appear to suggest that higher intake of PUFAs, specifically literature review dietary services hospital chain omega 3 fatty acids, and lower intake of trans fatty acids may be beneficial for enhancing female fertility, literature review dietary services hospital.
Dairy foods have been suggested as potential reproductive toxicants due to their high content of galactose, which in mice was shown to decrease ovulation and lead to premature ovarian failure, 8384 and their potential to contain high amounts of environmental estrogens.
Intake of protein sources have received attention in the context of fertility mostly due to their potential to contain high levels of environmental contaminants, which could adversely affect reproductive health. While red meats can be good sources of protein and other essential nutrients, they also contain high levels of saturated fat and can serve as a vehicles for exposure to hormonal residues, antibiotics, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
Soy, as the main source of phytoestrogens for humans, has received a large degree of attention as a potential reproductive toxicant given well documented and dramatic deleterious reproductive effects due to intake of phytoestrogens initially described in sheep and subsequently identified in other mammals.
At present, there is limited evidence on the association between red or white meat intake and fertility; however the available studies both point to a potential detrimental association literature review dietary services hospital higher red meat intake and higher risk of infertility and adverse embryo development.
In regards to fish, the picture is more complicated as the degree of environmental contamination may potentially modify this relationship. Thus, fish from waters with a high degree of environmental pollution as well as those with a high degree of mercury should generally be avoided as the consequences of these environmental toxicants on fertility may outweigh the potential health benefits from the fish alone.
Finally, intake of soy supplements and products does not appear to harm fertility as suggested by animal studies, and may in fact confer benefits as suggested by a handful of small studies from infertility cohorts. To date, two studies have examined the relation between pre-conception dietary patterns and risk of infertility.
Intakes of caffeine and alcohol are, unquestionably, the most studied dietary factors as potential disruptors of fertility with more than 30 studies on this topic to date. Results, however, are inconsistent, with multiple studies showing deleterious effects of caffeine — and alcohol, — but just as many studies showing no association, —, or even improved fertility with consumption of certain caffeinated or alcoholic beverages.
In fact, systematic reviews on the relation between caffeine and reproductive outcomes have noted that adverse effects of caffeine on reproductive health, including fertility, are more often reported in retrospective studies and studies of low methodological quality;a similar situation may be at play for studies linking alcohol to decreased fertility. While concerns regarding adverse effects of maternal alcohol intake on fetal development are warranted,as are also concerns of increased risk of pregnancy loss with caffeine intake, 39, whether intake of these substances have a deleterious effect on the ability to become pregnant is questionable.
In addition, the evidence among couples undergoing ART or other infertility literature review dietary services hospital remains relatively slim, literature review dietary services hospital.
The role of paternal diet on semen quality and couple fertility has been recently examined and summarized in several systematic reviews. First, a Cochrane review of randomized trials of antioxidant supplementation for men in couples undergoing infertility treatment found evidence of benefit for antioxidant supplements in improving semen quality and clinical pregnancy rates.
Whether these findings can be confirmed in randomized trials remains to be determined. Third, intake of trans and saturated fats has consistently been related to poor semen quality; — trans fat intake has also been related to other markers of poor testicular function — including lower testosterone and lower testicular volume — in agreement with animal models. The literature on the relation between diet and human fertility has greatly expanded over the last decade and led to the emergence of some clear patterns.
Intake of supplemental folic acid has been consistently related to numerous markers of female fertility— from lower frequency of anovulation to higher reproductive success in the setting of ART— suggesting that the reproductive benefits of folate extend beyond the prevention of NTDs. On the other hand, despite promising evidence from animal models, vitamin D does not appear to exert an important role in human fertility in the absence of deficiency.
While supplementation with antioxidants does not appear to offer any benefits to women undergoing infertility treatment, it does appears to be beneficial when the male partner is supplemented. Higher intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids appears to improve female fertility although it remains unclear whether environmental contamination of fish, their most common food source, can dampen or even counteract this benefit.
Last, adherence to healthy diets favoring fish, poultry, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, are related to better fertility in women and better semen quality in men. Future efforts should concentrate on solidifying emerging evidence and jointly considering female and male diets. Furthermore, to overcome the limitations inherent to observational research based on validated diet assessment tools or nutritional biomarkers, it is essential that the most consistent associations are tested in adequately powered randomized controlled trials.
Source of Funding: Supported by NIH grants K99ES, R01ES from the NIEHS, LHD from the NICHD, and P30DK from the NIDDK. Conflicts of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of literature review dietary services hospital resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form.
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GASKINSSc. CHAVARROM. GASKINS 1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Jorge E. CHAVARRO 1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Find articles by Jorge E. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Corresponding Author: Jorge E. Chavarro, literature review dietary services hospital, M. hpsh rravahcj.
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A literature search following PRISMA Guidelines and limited to studies in English or French published between and was performed and relevant studies were included in this systematic review on the prevalence of EDs. The literature search revealed 94 studies with accurate ED diagnosis and 27 with broad ED diagnosis The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiologic literature on nutrition and fertility and offer practical dietary recommendations based on the best available evidence. Highlights and gaps in the literature are summarized in Table 1 for female diet and Table 2 for male diet Jan 31, · The literature shows consistent and adverse disparities among Blacks and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites in the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease, mortality, participation in clinical trials, use of medications and other interventions, use of long-term services and supports, health care expenditures, quality of care, and
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